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Harshita Gogoi V. Nirosha Anjali Jayakumar Keerthana Prabhu Meghna Maitra 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2018,40(1):39-44
In the present study, pre-treated paper mill sludge (PMS) was evaluated extensively as a substrate for production of acetone-butanol-ethanol using Clostridium sporogenes NCIM 2337. The PMS was subjected to three types of pre-treatment methods namely alkali, mechanical, and thermal treatment and was analyzed by SEM. The pre-treatment of PMS by alkali was observed to be more effective over the other pre-treatment methods. The alkali pre-treated sludge was then made to undergo fermentation, which showed the conventional process of acidogenesis followed by solventogenesis. The acetone, butanol, and ethanol concentration for 15% alkali pre-treated PMS was estimated to be maximum. 相似文献
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Currently, wet-chemical and thermochemical processes in particular are being discussed for the future obligatory recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge. The coupling of phosphorus recovery with incineration in stationary fluidized bed incinerators, the dominant mono-incineration technology, offers potential advantages in terms of aftertreatment costs and economic efficiency. Tests have shown that by adjusting the incineration conditions and adding additives, an ash could be produced that corresponds to the fertilizer ordinance (DüMV) and can, therefore, potentially be used as phosphorus recyclate. 相似文献
35.
颗粒物质是大量宏观颗粒的集合,广泛存在于自然界,日常生活和工业生产中.颗粒物质的运动表现出非常复杂的现象,如堵塞(jamming)等.颗粒物质体系的定量研究仍是一个巨大的挑战.本文采用能量最小化方法对颗粒物质进行准静态模拟.对一些典型的非线性优化方法,如共轭梯度法,拟牛顿法等,通过预条件来提高这些方法的效率.这些预条件方法基于颗粒体系的几何结构和能量函数来构建.通过对一些典型的准静态过程,如压缩和剪切试验的数值模拟,观察到对三维颗粒体系,预条件方法可以有40%左右的效率提升. 相似文献
36.
大幅减少炼油生化剩余污泥对降低企业污泥处理和处置费用、保护生态环境意义重大。考察了炼油生化剩余污泥催化深度减量SMR技术工业化的处理效果,运行结果表明:对含水率98.3%的炼油生化剩余污泥,经过SMR污泥减量装置的处理,污泥脱水性能得到显著改善,脱水残渣平均含水率57.1%、污泥量减少99.4%、挥发性悬浮物平均去除率78.3%、消解液BOD5/COD比为0.31,达到了污泥深度减量化的目的。 相似文献
37.
Wastewater characteristics and sludge generation potential of point source categories are reviewed critically. Novel industry-specific sludge dewatering/drying solutions necessary to establish a sustainable model are examined through a detailed literature survey. Knowledge of sludge properties is one of the most critical issues needed to design dewatering/drying equipment. This study focuses on industrial wastewater/sludge characterization. In addition, a comprehensive review of current drying models and technologies is also presented. A summary of the results derived from a novel thin-film-based photonic sludge dewatering/drying study is outlined as an alternative approach for industrial sludge control. Sludge was dried in a tubular quartz reactor (TQR), the inner surface of which was coated with a TiO2 thin film. The TQR was irradiated with UV A, UV B, and UV C lamps. The consumed and generated energy fluxes through endergonic and exergonic reactions driven by photolysis and photocatalysis were investigated. In addition, the variations in sludge dewatering/drying characteristics were also examined and compared with conventional methods to evaluate the energy requirements. 相似文献
38.
Jie Li Lyes Bennamoun Laurent Fraikin Thierry Salmon Dominique Toye Raphael Schreinemachers 《Drying Technology》2014,32(14):1706-1717
Convective drying of wastewater sludges and sawdust/sludge mixtures was studied. The first part of this work was an experimental study performed in a cross-flow convective dryer using 500 g of wet material extruded through a disk with circular dies of 12 mm. The results showed that the sawdust addition has a positive impact on the drying process from a mass ratio of 2/8, on a dry basis, with observed drying rates higher than the original sludge. The second part of this work consisted of developing a drying model in order to identify the internal diffusion coefficient and convective mass transfer coefficient from the experimental data. A comparison was made between fitted drying curves, well represented by the Newton's model, and the analytical solutions of the diffusion equation applied to a finite cylinder. Variations of dimensional characteristics, such as the volume and exchange surface of the sample bed, were obtained by X-ray tomography. This technique allowed us to confirm that shrinkage, which is an important phenomenon occurring during sludge and sawdust/sludge mixture drying, must be taken into account. The results showed that both the internal diffusion coefficient and convective mass transfer coefficient were affected by mixing and sawdust addition. The internal diffusion coefficient changed from 7.77 × 10?9 m2/s for the original sludge to 7.01 × 10?9 m2/s for the mixed sludge and then increased to 8.35 × 10?9 m2/s for the mixture of a mass ratio of 4/6. The convective mass transfer coefficient changed from 9.70 × 10?8 m/s for the original sludge to 8.67 × 10?8 m/s for the mixed sludge and then increased to 12.09 × 10?8 m/s for the mixture of a mass ratio of 4/6. These results confirmed that sawdust addition was beneficial to the sludge drying process as the mass transfer efficiency between the air and material increased. Reinforcing the texture of sludge by adding sawdust can increase the drying rate and decrease the drying time, and then the heat energy supply will be reduced significantly. The study also showed that neglecting shrinkage phenomenon resulted in an overestimation for the internal diffusion coefficient for the convective drying of sludges and sawdust/sludge mixtures. 相似文献
39.
Research was conducted, which aim was to evaluate quantitative and qualitative PCB changes in sewage sludge during mesophilic digestion, and the influence of those compound concentration above acceptable level (1.9 mg kg−1 of sludge dry matter), also nickel and cadmium ions, on mesophilic digestion process. Before and after the digestion, concentration of seven PCB congeners, Ni and Cd in particular chemical fractions of the sludge was analyzed. 相似文献
40.